Elevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) increases microvascular damage.
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It is a safe, simple, and inexpensive way to address risk factors and drivers of visual vascular disorders, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recommendations based on this review and our clinical experience are developed for clinicians to use to support conventional therapy for DR.ĭR from both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have similar retinal findings and responses to nutritional therapies.įood supplementation with vitamins, minerals, and nutraceuticals has been recommended by medical professionals for many decades. Certain medical foods have been successfully used as therapy for retinopathy. Optimal combinations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin (B12), C, D, natural vitamin E complex, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha-lipoic acid, and n-acetylcysteine are identified for protecting the retina and choroid. We have reviewed the literature for nutritional interventions that support conventional therapies to reduce disease risk and severity. Fortunately, there are straightforward recommendations for addressing these issues and supporting traditional treatment plans. Collectively, this accounts for variability in presentation and response of DR to conventional therapy. Suboptimal vitamin co-factor availability also impairs the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective growth factors.
This approach provides safe and simple strategies that support conventional care and improve outcomes. Addressing the effects of the MTHFR polymorphism and addressing comorbid deficiencies and insufficiencies reduce the impact and severity of the disease. Patients with DR have high incidences of deficiencies of crucial vitamins, minerals, and related compounds, which also lead to elevation of Hcy and oxidative stress. Homocysteine (Hcy) elevation and oxidative stress are potential therapeutic targets in DR.Ĭommon genetic polymorphisms such as those of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), increase Hcy and DR risk and severity. New approaches are needed, which reduce the risk and improve the outcomes of DR while complementing current therapeutic approaches. Reducing oxidative stress in the mitochondria and cell membranes decreases ischemic injury and end-organ damage to the retina. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.ĭiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a form of microangiopathy. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The phone number (415) 508-1322 is also used by Z Chen, Lin Chen, Guang X Wu, Jinchi Chen, Brown Veronica, Wobang Chen.Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. Five persons, including Xiang J Xue, Jin X Xiang, Amy J Xue, Lin Y Man, Jin Xue, listed the phone number (415) 467-6578 as their own, various documents indicated. Moises Raymundo, Gerald F Heitman, Uvaldo Flores, Ze Y Gao, Vicent B Uy were identified as possible owners of the phone number (415) 334-7657. Yue has lived in Miami, FL and San Francisco, CA in the past. Yue’s address history includes 1942 Donner Ave, San Francisco, CA 94124. Their name are Ze Y Gao, Dan M Li, and three others. The residency of Yue is at 137 Oxford Strt, SF, CA 94134-1033.
Yue uses alternative name, for example, Yuchen Xue, Yue Xue, Jie Xue You, Yue Han Wong, Yue H Xue, Yue Han Xue, Xue Yue, Han Xue Yue, Xue Yue Han, Yue H Guo. The birth date was listed as January 16, 1964.
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